References
Listed below are review articles and original research articles on inflammatory brain diseases. Some of these articles have been referenced extensively throughout this website. If you would like to suggest addition of new articles to this list, please contact us by email.
Childhood CNS Vasculitis
Beelen J, Benseler SM, Dropol A, Ghali B, Twilt M. Strategies for Treatment of Childhood Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2019. 6(4): p. e567. Abstract
Gibson KM, Morishita KA, Dancey P, Moorehead P, Drögemöller B, Han X, Graham J, Hancock REW, Foell D, Benseler S, Luqmani R, Yeung RSM, Shenoi S, Bohm M, Rosenberg AM, Ross CJ, Cabral DA, Brown KL, and PedVas Investigators Network. Identification of Novel Adenosine Deaminase 2 Gene Variants and Varied Clinical Phenotype in Pediatric Vasculitis. Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, N.J.), 2019. 71(10): p. 1747–55. Abstract
Deschamps K, Yeates KO, Fay-McClymont TB, Twilt M, Westmacott R, Dropol A, Brooks BL, Kirton A, Gowdie P, Sheikh S, Benseler SM. Cognitive Outcomes of Childhood Primary CNS Vasculitis. Neuropsychology, 2019. 33(4): p. 462–69. Abstract
Elbers J, Armstrong D, Yau I, Benseler SM. Vascular Imaging Outcomes of Childhood Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System. Pediatr Neurol, 2016. 63: p. 53–59. Abstract
Twilt M, Troels H. Primary central nervous system vasculitis in children. Ugeskr Laeger, 2016. 178(42). Abstract
Twilt M, Benseler SM. Central Nervous System Vasculitis in Adults and Children. Handb Clin Neurol, 2016. 133: p. 283–300. Abstract
Cellucci T, Tyrrell PN, Twilt M, Sheikh S, Benseler SM. Distinct Phenotype Clusters in Childhood Inflammatory Brain Diseases: Implications for Diagnostic Evaluation. Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, N.J.), 2014. 66(3): p. 750–56. Abstract
Twilt M, Benseler SM. Childhood Inflammatory Brain Diseases: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2014. 53(8): p. 1359–68. Abstract
Twilt M, Benseler SM. CNS Vasculitis in Children. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 2013. 2(3): p. 162–71. Abstract
Benseler SM, Pohl D. Childhood Central Nervous System Vasculitis. Handb Clin Neurol, 2013. 112: p. 1065–78. Abstract
Moharir M, Shroff M, Benseler SM. Childhood Central Nervous System Vasculitis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 2013. 23(2): p. 293–308. Abstract
Verhey LH, Branson HM, Laughlin S, Shroff MM, Benseler SM, Feldman BM, Streiner DL, Sled JG, Banwell B. Development of a Standardized MRI Scoring Tool for CNS Demyelination in Children. Am J Neuroradiol, 2013. 34(6): p. 1271–77. Abstract
Batthish M, Banwell B, Laughlin S, Halliday W, Peschken C, Paras E, Benseler SM. Refractory Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis of Childhood: Successful Treatment with Infliximab. J Rheumatol, 2012. 39(11): p. 2227–29. Abstract
Gowdie P, Twilt M, Benseler SM. Primary and secondary central nervous system vasculitis. J Child Neurol, 2012. 27(11): p. 1448-59. Abstract
Cellucci T, Tyrrell PN, Pullenayegum E, Benseler SM. von Willebrand factor antigen--a possible biomarker of disease activity in childhood central nervous system vasculitis?. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2012. 51(10): p. 1838-45 Abstract
Cellucci T, Tyrrell PN, Sheikh S, Benseler SM. Childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system: Identifying disease trajectories and early risk factors for persistently higher disease activity. Arthritis Rheum, 2012. 64(5): p. 1665-72 Abstract
Hajj-Ali RA, Singhal AB, Benseler S, Molloy E, Calabrese LH. Primary angiitis of the CNS. Lancet Neurol, 2011. 10(6): p. 561-72. Abstract
Twilt M, Benseler SM. The spectrum of CNS vasculitis in children and adults. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2011. 8(2): p. 97-107. Abstract
Cellucci T, Benseler SM. Central nervous system vasculitis in children. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 2010. 22(5): p. 590-7. Abstract
Cellucci T, Benseler SM. Diagnosing central nervous system vasculitis in children. Curr Opin Pediatr, 2010. 22(6): p. 731-8. Abstract
Elbers J, Halliday W, Hawkins C, Hutchinson C, Benseler SM. Brain biopsy in children with primary small-vessel central nervous system vasculitis. Ann Neurol, 2010. 68(5): p. 602-10. Abstract
Eleftheriou D, Cox T, Saunders D, Klein NJ, Brogan PA, Ganesan V. Investigation of childhood central nervous system vasculitis: magnetic resonance angiography versus catheter cerebral angiography. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2010. 52(9): p. 863-7. Abstract
Hutchinson C, Elbers J, Halliday W, Branson H, Laughlin S, Armstrong D, Hawkins C, Westmacott R, Benseler SM. Treatment of small vessel primary CNS vasculitis in children: an open-label cohort study. Lancet Neurol, 2010. 9(11): p. 1078-84. Abstract
Sen ES, Leone V, Abinun M, Forsyth R, Ramesh V, Friswell M, O'Callaghan F, Ramanan AV. Treatment of primary angiitis of the central nervous system in childhood with mycophenolate mofetil. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2010. 49(4): p. 806-11. Abstract
Aviv RI, Benseler SM, DeVeber G, Silverman ED, Tyrrell PN, Tsang LM, Armstrong D. Angiography of primary central nervous system angiitis of childhood: conventional angiography versus magnetic resonance angiography at presentation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2007. 28(1): p. 9-15. Abstract
Aviv RI, Benseler SM, Silverman ED, Tyrrell PN, Deveber G, Tsang LM, Armstrong D. MR imaging and angiography of primary CNS vasculitis of childhood. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2006. 27(1): p. 192-9. Abstract
Benseler SM, Silverman E, Aviv RI, Schneider R, Armstrong D, Tyrrell PN, deVeber G. Primary central nervous system vasculitis in children. Arthritis Rheum, 2006. 54(4): p. 1291-7. Abstract
Benseler SM, deVeber G, Hawkins C, Schneider R, Tyrrell PN, Aviv RI, Armstrong D, Laxer RM, Silverman ED. Angiography-negative primary central nervous system vasculitis in children: a newly recognized inflammatory central nervous system disease. Arthritis Rheum, 2005. 52(7): p. 2159-67. Abstract
Adult CNS Vasculitis
Twilt M, Benseler SM. Central Nervous System Vasculitis in Adults and Children. Handb Clin Neurol, 2016. 133: p. 283–300. Abstract
Salvarani C, Brown RD, Jr., Christianson T, Miller DV, Giannini C, Huston J, 3rd et al. An update of the Mayo Clinic cohort of patients with adult primary central nervous system vasculitis: description of 163 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(21):e738. Abstract
Salvarani C, Brown RD, Jr., Christianson TJ, Huston J, 3rd, Giannini C, Miller DV et al. Adult primary central nervous system vasculitis treatment and course: analysis of one hundred sixty-three patients. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(6):1637-45. Abstract
de Boysson H, Zuber M, Naggara O, Neau JP, Gray F, Bousser MG et al. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: description of the first fifty-two adults enrolled in the French cohort of patients with primary vasculitis of the central nervous system. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(5):1315-26. Abstract
Pagnoux C, Hajj-Ali RA. Pharmacological approaches to CNS vasculitis: where are we at now? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Jan;9(1):109-16. Abstract
Alrawi A, Trobe JD, Blaivas M, Musch DC. Brain biopsy in primary angiitis of the central nervous system. Neurology. 1999;53(4):858-60. Abstract
Hajj-Ali RA, Singhal AB, Benseler S, Molloy E, Calabrese LH. Primary angiitis of the CNS. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(6):561-72. Abstract
Calabrese LH, Mallek JA. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system. Report of 8 new cases, review of the literature, and proposal for diagnostic criteria. Medicine (Baltimore). 1988;67(1):20-39. Abstract
Miller DV, Salvarani C, Hunder GG, Brown RD, Parisi JE, Christianson TJ et al. Biopsy findings in primary angiitis of the central nervous system. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(1):35-43. Abstract
Twilt M, Benseler SM. The spectrum of CNS vasculitis in children and adults. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011;8(2):97-107. Abstract
Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Basu N, Cid MC, Ferrario F et al. 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(1):1-11. Abstract
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
Luca N, Daengsuwan T, Dalmau J, Jones K, deVeber G, Kobayashi J, Laxer RM, Benseler SM. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a newly recognized inflammatory brain disease in children. Arthritis Rheum, 2011. 63(8): p. 2516-22. Abstract
Florance NR, Davis RL, Lam C, Szperka C, Zhou L, Ahmad S, Campen CJ, Moss H, Peter N, Gleichman AJ, Glaser CA, Lynch DR, Rosenfeld MR, Dalmau J. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in children and adolescents. Ann Neurol, 2009. 66(1): p. 11-8. Abstract
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Palace J. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and its place amongst other acute inflammatory demyelinating CNS disorders. J Neurol Sci, 2011. 306(1-2): p. 188-91. Abstract
Tenembaum SN. Disseminated encephalomyelitis in children. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2008. 110(9): p. 928-38. Abstract
Limbic Encephalitis
Haberlandt E, Bast T, Ebner A, Holthausen H, Kluger G, Kravljanac R, Kröll-Seger J, Kurlemann G, Makowski C, Rostasy K, Tuschen-Hofstätter E, Weber G, Vincent A, Bien CG. Limbic encephalitis in children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child, 2011. 96(2): p. 186-91. Abstract
Lai M, Huijbers MG, Lancaster E, Graus F, Bataller L, Balice-Gordon R, Cowell JK, Dalmau J. Investigation of LGI1 as the antigen in limbic encephalitis previously attributed to potassium channels: a case series. Lancet Neurol, 2010. 9(8): p. 776-85. Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Arnold DL, Sadovnick D, Narayanan S, McGowan M, O'Mahony J, Magalhaes S, Hanwell H, Vieth R, Tellier R, Vincent T, Disanto G, Ebers G, Wambera K, Connolly MB, Yager J, Mah JK, Booth F, Sebire G, Callen D, Meaney B, Dilenge ME, Lortie A, Pohl D, Doja A, Venketaswaran S, Levin S, Macdonald EA, Meek D, Wood E, Lowry N, Buckley D, Yim C, Awuku M, Cooper P, Grand'maison F, Baird JB, Bhan V, Marrie RA. Clinical, environmental, and genetic determinants of multiple sclerosis in children with acute demyelination: a prospective national cohort study. Lancet Neurol, 2011. 10(5): p. 436-45. Abstract
Banwell B, Ghezzi A, Bar-Or A, Mikaeloff Y, Tardieu M. Multiple sclerosis in children: clinical diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and future directions. Lancet Neurol, 2007. 6(10): p. 887-902. Abstract
Neuromyelitis Optica
Peña JA, Ravelo ME, Mora-La Cruz E, Montiel-Nava C. NMO in pediatric patients: brain involvement and clinical expression. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 2011. 69(1): p. 34-8. Abstract
Dale RC, Brilot F, Banwell B. Pediatric central nervous system inflammatory demyelination: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, clinically isolated syndromes, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol, 2009. 22(3): p. 233-40. Abstract
Lotze TE, Northrop JL, Hutton GJ, Ross B, Schiffman JS, Hunter JV. Spectrum of pediatric neuromyelitis optica. Pediatrics, 2008. 122(5): p. e1039-47. Abstract
Neurosarcoidosis
Fretzayas A, Moustaki M, Vougiouka O. The puzzling clinical spectrum and course of juvenile sarcoidosis. World J Pediatr, 2011. 7(2): p. 103-10. Abstract
Baumann RJ, Robertson WC Jr. Neurosarcoid presents differently in children than in adults. Pediatrics, 2003. 112(6 Pt 1): p. e480-6. Abstract
Optic Neuritis
Waldman AT, Stull LB, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ, Liu GT. Pediatric optic neuritis and risk of multiple sclerosis: meta-analysis of observational studies. J AAPOS, 2011. 15(5): p. 441-6. Abstract
Wilejto M, Shroff M, Buncic JR, Kennedy J, Goia C, Banwell B. The clinical features, MRI findings, and outcome of optic neuritis in children. Neurology, 2006. 67(2): p. 258-62. Abstract